Albumin

Meta-analysis or review · Modest effect · 17 studies linked

Studied in: CKD, Dialysis, Cancer cachexia

89 studies in corpus; albumin improvement reported primarily in malnutrition-associated contexts (dialysis malnutrition, cancer cachexia). Mechanism: improved hepatic protein synthesis via mitochondrial energy support. Not expected to change albumin in well-nourished populations.

• Biochemical and genetic characteristics of 40 neonates with carnitine deficiency. (2020)
• The effects of L-carnitine in children with kidney failure undergoing dialysis: a systematic review. (2026)
• Involvement of impaired carnitine-induced fatty acid oxidation in experimental and human diabetic kidney disease. (2025)
• L-Carnitine to Reduce Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized Study. (2025)
• The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2024)
• The effects of adjunctive treatment with L-carnitine on monitoring laboratory variables in ICU patients: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. (2023)
• +11 more studies

Meta-analysis or review · Small effect · 8 studies linked

Studied in: Cirrhosis, Decompensated liver disease

Albumin improvement mainly in decompensated cirrhosis reflecting synthetic function recovery. HALT-C (Freedman 2011) showed no significant clinical benefit in advanced HCV fibrosis. Grade C assigned — limited RCT data with albumin as primary endpoint; hepatic synthetic recovery data largely from observational studies.

• Effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: Systematic review with meta-analysis. (2011)
• Effects of silymarin supplementation on liver and kidney functions: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis (2024)
• Milk thistle for the treatment of liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2002)
• High Dose of Silymarin in Patients with Decompensated Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2017)
• Effect of Addition of Silymarin to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Overt Nephropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2012)
• Silymarin in the Treatment of Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Open-Label Pilot Study (2007)
• +2 more studies

Human trials · 8 studies linked

Studied in: CKD, Hemodialysis, Zinc deficient, Adults

Albumin improvement in CKD: zinc deficiency is prevalent in hemodialysis (Elgenidy_2023 MA) and associates with hypoalbuminemia. Mechanism: zinc supports hepatic albumin synthesis and reduces inflammatory albumin catabolism via NF-κB inhibition. Large corpus count (260) reflects CKD/malnutrition context.

• Impact of Zinc Supplementation in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (2026)
• The Efficacy of Zinc Gluconate Supplementation in the Improvement of Malnutrition Indices and Skin Abnormalities in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (2024)
• Performance, digestibility, antioxidant activity, immunity, and zinc bioavailability benefits of advanced zinc chelate supplementation in broiler diets: A comparative study. (2021)
• The efficacy of Artichoke leaf extract conjugated with organic zinc nanoparticles on growth, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. (2025)
• Effects of Zinc Acetate on Serum Zinc Concentrations in Chronic Liver Diseases: a Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial and a Dose Adjustment Trial. (2020)
• Zinc supplementation improves glucose homeostasis in patients with β-thalassemia major complicated with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. (2020)
• +2 more studies

Human trials · Small effect · 4 studies linked

Studied in: CKD, Critically ill, Adult

• Ye Z et al. (2021)
• Renal protective effect of N-acetylcysteine with stepwise ramping voltage against extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy-induced renal injury: a prospective randomized trial. (2020)
• Comparison of treatment invasiveness between upfront debulking surgery versus interval debulking surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III/IV ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers in a (2016)
• PubMed 20564545

Human trials · 3 studies linked

Studied in: General

42 corpus studies. Likely measured as hepatic function co-variate rather than primary endpoint.

• Ursodeoxycholic acid for liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis: a double-blind multicenter trial. The Italian Group for the Study of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Cystic Fibrosis. (1996)
• Chronic ethanol ingestion induces oxidative kidney injury through taurine-inhibitable inflammation. (2014)
• Effect of taurine, L-glutamine and L-histidine addition in an amino acid glucose solution on the cellular bioavailability of zinc. (1994)

Human trials · 1 study linked

• [Effects of berberine on the serum cystatin C levels and urine albumin/creatine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. (2018)

Human trials · 1 study linked

Studied in: Burn patients, Critically ill, Icu

• Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (2024)

Human trials · 2 studies linked

79 studies reference albumin. No MA-level data for melatonin-specific effects.

• Therapeutic effects of melatonin on an ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model in rats. (2021)
• Renal Protective Effects of Melatonin in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Kidney Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2022)

Human trials · 1 study linked

Studied in: No human data

• l-Theanine regulates glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism via insulin and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. (2020)

Meta-analysis or review · Negligible effect · 10 studies linked

Studied in: Adult, General

Not significantly affected in supplementation trials. Potential modest increase in malnourished populations (C-grade, single studies only).

• The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) as a complementary in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024)
• Effects of omega-3 supplementation on serum albumin, pre-albumin and the CRP/albumin ratio in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2023)
• Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves early-stage diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. (2023)
• Effect of a collagen-enriched beverage with or without omega-3 fatty acids on wound healing, metabolic biomarkers, and adipokines in patients with major burns. (2023)
• Omega 3 fatty acids effect on the vascular calcification biomarkers fetuin A and osteoprotegerin in hemodialysis patients. (2022)
• Randomized Study Design to Test Effects of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as Adjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients. (2020)
• +4 more studies

Meta-analysis or review · Negligible effect · 8 studies linked

• Modulation of renal inflammation and tubular injury by calcitriol in patients with early diabetic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. (2025)
• Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Kidney Function in Adults with Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial. (2021)
• An oral high dose of cholecalciferol restores vitamin D status in deficient postmenopausal HIV-1-infected women independently of protease inhibitors therapy: a pilot study. (2016)
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status is associated with developing adaptive and innate immune responses in the first 6 months of life. (2015)
• Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (2019)
• Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2014)
• +2 more studies

Meta-analysis or review · 6 studies linked

Studied in: Adults

122 corpus studies mention albumin. Resveratrol is highly protein-bound (~93–99%) to albumin; no expected direct effect on serum albumin levels at supplement doses.

• Effects of resveratrol supplementation on renal function in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. (2025)
• Polylysine-polyglyceryl-10-decanoate derivatives: Enhanced antioxidant properties, stability, and bioaccessibility of resveratrol nanoemulsions. (2025)
• Resveratrol attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease via the AKT/TMEM175 pathway. (2024)
• Resveratrol may mildly improve renal function in the general adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. (2023)
• Oral resveratrol supplementation improves Metabolic Syndrome features in obese patients submitted to a lifestyle-changing program. (2020)
• Resveratrol reduces albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2019)

Human trials · Negligible effect · 4 studies linked

Studied in: Healthy adults, Athletes

Serum albumin not significantly altered by creatine supplementation in available studies. Corpus coverage: 43 studies. No consistent directional effect. Protein status appears unaffected.

• Measuring the lactate-to-creatine ratio via (2018)
• Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. (2011)
• Conjugated linoleic acid combined with creatine monohydrate and whey protein supplementation during strength training. (2009)
• Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial. (2005)

Human trials · 1 study linked

Studied in: Healthy adults

• Safety and clinical effectiveness of Withania Somnifera (Linn.) Dunal root in human ailments. (2020)

Meta-analysis or review · 4 studies linked

113 studies mention albumin, predominantly as a covariate or nutritional marker rather than a vitamin C intervention endpoint.

• Interventions for chronic kidney disease in people with sickle cell disease. (2023)
• Relationship Between Dietary Fiber and Vitamin C Intake and Oral Cancer. (2022)
• The Effect of Vitamin C on Pathological Parameters and Survival Duration of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (2021)
• Sociodemographic and Kidney Disease Correlates of Nutrient Intakes Among Urban African Americans With Uncontrolled Hypertension. (2019)